|
汉族 The Han ethnic group
2009年09月03日 08:51
汉族
汉族人口约占中国人口总数的91.59%。汉族不仅是中国人口最多的民族，也是世界上人口最多的民族。汉族是中国古代华夏族同其它许多民族互相同化、融合形成的。从汉代开始，称为汉族。 汉族有近4,000年文字记录的历史，人口遍及中国各地，通用的语言是汉语。汉语历史悠久，语汇丰富，现在通行的方块汉字，是从甲骨文和金文演变而来的。汉族人民勤劳俭朴，积极进取，创造了举世瞩目的古代文明。早在春秋时期，汉族人就开始了大规模的农田水利建设，建于战国初期的四川都江堰水利工程至今仍在发挥作用；汉族人的养蚕、织锦、制茶、制瓷等技术，名扬海外；造纸术、印刷术、指南针和火药的发明，为世界文化与科学技术的发展作出了突出贡献。汉族人在文学艺术方面也取得了伟大的成就，楚辞、汉乐府、唐诗、宋词、元杂剧、明清小说等形成了汉文学在各个历史时期发展的高峰。系统完备的历史著作，忠实地记录了中华民族成长发展的辉煌历程。历史悠久的书法、绘画和建筑艺术，具有独特的魅力，留下了许多传世佳作。汉族人中还涌现出许多闻名中外的思想家、科学家、文学家、艺术家、政治家和军事家。 汉族人的宗族观念较深，祭祀祖先、传宗接代被认为是大事、大孝。汉族人最重视的节日是春节，此外还有元宵节、端午节、中秋节等。 在长期的历史发展过程中，汉族和各兄弟民族之间有？广泛的政治、经济联系和文化交流。因为历史和人口的原因，汉族在国家生活中起主导作用。汉族人性格宽厚，珍视友谊，重视品德修养。现在，汉族与各兄弟民族之间和睦相处，团结互助，共同为建设自己的国家贡献力量。
The Han
The Han is the most populous ethnic group not only in China, but also throughout the world. It was formed after the ancient Chinese nation assimilated and merged with many other ethnic groups. Since the Han Dynasty, it was called the Han. The Han ethnic group has a recorded history of about 4,000 years, the people are scattered throughout China, and the commonly used language is Chinese. The Chinese language has a long history with a rich vocabulary. The current Chinese characters are square ones, which evolved from ancient Chinese charactersa carved on tortoise shells or animal bones and an ancient languageb used in inscriptions on bronze objects. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), the Han had begun large-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects; the Dujiang Weirs in Sichuan Province built in early Warring States Period (475-221 BC) still function today. The techniques they invented for sericulture, weaving brocade, producing tea and making porcelain continue to thrive; the invention of papermaking, printing, the compass and gun powder made outstanding contributions to the development of world culture and scientific technology. The Han have also made great achievements in literature and arts: The Songs of Chu, Yuefu (folk songs or ballads in the Han style) of the Han Dynasty, ci poetry of the Song Dynasty, zaju (poetic drama set to music, usually consisting of four acts called zhe, with one character having the singing role throughout) of the Yuan Dynasty, and the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties are the cultural high points of each era. Systematically complete historical works faithfully recorded the course of the Chinese nation. Calligraphy, painting, and architectural arts of a great antiquity have their unique charm, and many excellent works remain to be appreciated by today's generations. Many Han ideologists, scientists, men of letters, artists, statesmen and strategists, with prestige beyond national border, also emerged. The Han people have a deep sense of patriarchal clan. It is considered an important event and also a critical act of filial piety to offer sacrifices to the ancestors and to produce a male heir to continue the family line. The Han people attach most importance to the Spring Festival; besides, they have the Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-autumn Festival, etc. Through their long historical development, the Han people have forged extensive political, economic links and cultural exchanges with other fraternal nationalities. Because of their preponderance and long history, they have tended to always play a leading role in state affairs.
【来源：中国华文教育网】
|
  
 |
